Pathophysiology, Investigations, and Management of Patients with Cardiac Tamponade
Omar Elsaka *
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Moneer Ayman Noureldean
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Mohamed Adel Gamil
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Mostafa Tarek Ghazali
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Ashraf Hamada Abd Al-Razik
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Dalia Hisham
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency that occurs when a large amount of fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, causing the heart to compress and decrease cardiac output and shock. This practice focuses on the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and improving treatment and care of cardiac tamponade. The purpose of this review article is to describe the etiology of cardiac tamponade, to identify the pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade, to describe specific ECG changes in the evaluation of cardiac tamponade, and to improve coordination of care among interprofessional team members to improve care delivery. To discuss the importance of and outcome in patients with cardiac tamponade.
Conclusion: Cardiac tamponade requires treatment after diagnosis. This disease is always fatal if left untreated. According to statistics, cardiac tamponade during open-heart surgery is usually fatal.
Keywords: Diagnosis, pericardiocentesis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade constrictive pericarditis, pericardial fluid, purulent pericarditis