Pathophysiology, Investigations, and Management in Patients with Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Omar Elsaka *
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Moneer Ayman Noureldean
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Mohamed Adel Gamil
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Mostafa Tarek Ghazali
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Ashraf Hamada Abd Al-Razik
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
Dalia Hisham
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura Manchester Medical Program (MMMP), Mansoura, Egypt.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: The phrase "total and partial anomalous venous connection" describes a series of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in which one or even more pulmonary veins return to the right side of the heart or systemic venous circulation instead of emptying directly into the left atrium. Medical and surgical care necessitates a thorough understanding of the various anatomical subtypes, as well as physiological evaluation, clinical, and diagnostic evaluation. The anatomy, physiology, assessment, and treatment of whole or partial pulmonary venous connections, and the role of the inter - professional team in assessing and treating patients with this ailment, are all discussed in this exercise.
Conclusion: The objectives of this review paper are to recognise the underlying mechanisms of total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, to explain the evaluation of total and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, to define the management approaches for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, and to sum up the most common complications associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections.
Keywords: Congenital heart disease, genetics, genome, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection