Exploring the Sociocultural Factors Influencing HPV Vaccine Hesitancy in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Maxwell, Maria Emmanuel *
Africa Center for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Umobi, Chima Pris A
Africa Center for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Ani, Goodman John
Africa Center for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an important strategy for preventing cervical cancer, yet vaccine hesitancy may limit uptake. This study explored the sociocultural factors influencing HPV vaccine hesitancy in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Methods: An exploratory mixed-methods design was used. For the quantitative component, 412 adolescents were selected from an estimated population of 6,000 using Taro Yamane’s sample-size formula. Eighteen respondents participated in the qualitative component. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview guide. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two experts, and test–retest assessment yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analysed thematically.
Results: HPV vaccine hesitancy was moderate, with an overall mean score of 2.77. Participants generally recognised the importance of HPV vaccination, but willingness and reported uptake remained moderate. Sociocultural influences included cultural beliefs (mean = 2.7, SD = 0.61), religious beliefs (mean = 3.7, SD = 0.62), misconceptions linking vaccination with promiscuity (mean = 2.8, SD = 0.80), and negative influence from family or community leaders (mean = 2.5, SD = 0.30). Regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between sociocultural factors and HPV vaccine hesitancy (R = 0.58, R² = 0.34, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: HPV vaccine hesitancy in Uyo Metropolis was moderately shaped by sociocultural influences. Culturally appropriate education, engagement with religious and community leaders, and reliable local vaccine access may improve acceptance.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, sociocultural factors, human papillomavirus, vaccine hesitancy